Final SEC Rules on Say-on-Pay Voting and Disclosures

Editor’s Note: This post comes to us from John J. Cannon, a partner in the Executive Compensation and Employee Benefits Group at Shearman & Sterling LLP, and is based on a Shearman & Sterling Client Memorandum by Mr. Cannon, Jeffrey Crandall, Kenneth Laverriere, Doreen Lilienfeld and Linda Rappaport. An earlier post by Lucian Bebchuk and Robert Jackson on the SEC rule concerning say-on-pay voting is available here.

The Securities and Exchange Commission released final rules implementing the say-on-pay provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act on January 25, 2011. [1]

The Dodd-Frank Act requires (1) a non-binding shareholder vote on executive compensation, (2) a non-binding shareholder vote on the frequency of the say-on-pay vote, (3) disclosure of “golden parachute” arrangements in connection with specified change in control transactions, and (4) a non-binding shareholder vote on golden parachute arrangements in connection with these change in control transactions.

In October 2010, the SEC issued proposed rules implementing these provisions. [2] The final rules are largely consistent with the proposed rules, with a few notable modifications.

  • First, the final rules provide that an issuer may only exclude shareholder proposals relating to a say-on-pay or say-on-pay frequency vote if the issuer has adopted the frequency alternative that gained a majority of the vote in the most recent frequency vote. The proposed rules would have implemented a plurality standard. This change will make it more difficult for issuers to exclude say-on-pay related shareholder proposals from their proxy statements.
  • Second, although the Dodd-Frank Act and the final rules provide that an issuer is not required to hold a golden parachute advisory vote with respect to arrangements that had previously been submitted to shareholders under a general say-on-pay vote, the final rules limit the scope of this exemption by requiring golden parachute approval of increases in the amounts due under previously approved arrangements resulting from ordinary course compensation adjustments, annual incentive grants and other modest changes. Given the administrative burdens of submitting parachute arrangements to a general say-on-pay vote in the manner prescribed by the final rules, we believe that few issuers will avail themselves of the exemption.
  • Finally, the SEC has delayed the applicability of the say-on-pay and frequency votes for small reporting entities until the first annual meeting occurring on or after January 21, 2013. There is no delay for the golden parachute disclosure and vote requirements.

The following charts summarize these and the other key differences between the final rules and the proposed rules. All significant changes and clarifications from the proposed rules are highlighted in bold italics in the right hand column of each chart.

Say-on-Pay Vote

The Dodd-Frank Act requires domestic issuers to provide shareholders with the right to cast a non-binding vote approving the issuer’s executive compensation as disclosed in the issuer’s proxy statement. Shareholders must have the right to cast a say-on-pay vote at least once every three years.

REQUIREMENT PROPOSED RULES FINAL RULES
Information Subject to the Vote Included

» Compensation of the issuer’s NEOs disclosed pursuant to Item 402 (CD&A, tables and narratives).

Expressly Excluded

» Non-employee director compensation; and

» Item 402(s) disclosure regarding risk management and risk-taking incentives (unless included in the CD&A).

Substantively identical
Disclosure Format No specified format or wording.

New Item 24 to Schedule 14A requires issuers to:

» Disclose they are holding a separate shareholder vote on executive compensation; and

» Briefly explain the general effect of the vote (including its non-binding nature).

No specified format or wording. The resolution must, however, clearly indicate that the say-on-pay vote is to approve the compensation of executives as disclosed pursuant to Item 402. The final rules provide an example of a compliant resolution.

New Item 24 to Schedule 14A requires issuers to:

» Disclose they are holding a separate shareholder vote on executive compensation;

» Briefly explain the general effect of the vote (including its non-binding nature); and

» Disclose (1) the current frequency of the say-on-pay vote and (2) when the next say-on-pay vote will occur.

   » This disclosure is not required for the first year.

Enhanced CD&A Disclosure Address in the CD&A:

» Whether and, if so, how an issuer has considered the results of previous shareholder votes in determining compensation policies and decisions; and

» If so, how the consideration has affected the issuer’s executive compensation policies and decisions.

Substantially similar, except the mandated disclosure only relates to the most recent say-on-pay vote.

» Earlier votes need be addressed only to the extent material to the compensation policies and decisions discussed in the CD&A.

Frequency of Vote A say-on-pay vote is required every three years. A say-on-pay vote is required every three calendar years.

Say-on-Pay Frequency Vote

The Dodd-Frank Act requires that shareholders be given the opportunity, at least once every six years, to vote on the frequency of the say-on-pay vote.

REQUIREMENT PROPOSED RULES FINAL RULES
Disclosure Format No specified format or wording. New Item 24 to Schedule 14A requires issuers to:» Disclose they are providing a separate shareholder vote on the frequency of the say-on-pay vote; and

» Briefly explain the general effect of the vote (including its non-binding nature).

If a board recommendation is included, the proxy statement must clarify that shareholders are voting to approve the actual frequency and not the board of directors’ recommendation.

Substantially similar, except issuers must also disclose (1) the current frequency of say-on-pay votes and (2) when the next say-on-pay vote will occur.

» This disclosure is not required for the first year.

Form of Proxy Issuers are required to provide shareholders with four choices on the proxy card: “one year,” “two years,” “three years” or “abstention from voting.”

Until the rules become final, issuers are only required to offer three options: “one year,” “two years” or “three years.”

Substantively identical
Uninstructed Proxy Cards No provision No rulemaking; however, the adopting release notes that issuers may vote uninstructed proxies in accordance with management’s recommendation for the frequency vote only if the issuer complies with the requirements of Rule 14a-4 to:

» Include a recommendation for the frequency vote;

» Permit abstentions on the proxy card; and

» Include language regarding how uninstructed shares will be voted in bold on the proxy card.

Frequency of Vote A frequency vote is required every six years. A frequency vote is required every six calendar years.

Additional Say-on-Pay Matters

REQUIREMENT PROPOSED RULES FINAL RULES
Meetings Subject to Say-on-Pay and Frequency Votes Say-on-pay and frequency votes are required only for annual or other meetings of shareholders for which compensation disclosure is required under Item 402.

Say-on-pay and frequency votes are required in the proxy statement for the first annual meeting following an issuer’s IPO.

Say-on-pay and frequency votes are required only for annual meetings of shareholders at which proxies will be solicited for the election of directors or a special meeting in lieu of an annual meeting.

Say-on-pay and frequency votes are required in the proxy statement for the first annual meeting following an issuer’s IPO.

Disclosure of Company’s Decision on Say-on-Pay Frequency Issuers must disclose their decision on how frequently they will conduct their say-on-pay votes (after taking into account the shareholders’ recommendation) in the first Form 10-Q following the frequency vote (or the Form 10-K if the vote occurred during the fourth quarter). Issuers must disclose their decision on how frequently they will conduct their say-on-pay votes (after taking into account the shareholders’ recommendation) on an amendment to the Form 8-K disclosing the results of the frequency vote.

The Form 8-K is due 150 calendar days following the meeting at which the vote took place, but in no event later than 60 calendar days prior to the deadline for submitting shareholder proposals for the next annual meeting pursuant to Rule 14a-8.

TARP Entities TARP entities are exempt from the say-on-pay and frequency votes until the first annual meeting of shareholders after the entity has repaid all borrowed funds under TARP. Substantively identical

The final rules clarify that TARP entities are subject to the enhanced CD&A disclosure requirements described above.

Preliminary Proxy Say-on-pay and frequency votes will not trigger the requirement to file a preliminary proxy. Substantively identical

In addition, no preliminary proxy is required for any advisory vote on executive compensation (including a frequency vote) that is not required by Section 14A.

Non-Binding Advisory Vote Both say-on-pay and frequency votes are non-binding and will not be construed as:

» Overruling the compensation decisions of the issuer’s board of directors;

» Imposing additional fiduciary duties on the board; or

» Limiting shareholders’ ability to make compensation-related proposals for inclusion in proxy statements.

Substantively identical
Shareholder Proposal Rules Rule 14a-8 would be amended to permit issuers to exclude shareholder proposals that provide a say-on-pay vote, seek future say-on-pay votes or provide a frequency vote if:

» The issuer has adopted a policy on the frequency of say-on-pay votes that is consistent with the plurality of votes cast in the most recent frequency vote; and

» The issuer provides a frequency vote at least once every six years.

Rule 14a-8 is amended to permit issuers to exclude shareholder proposals that provide a say-on-pay vote, seek future say-on-pay votes or provide a frequency vote if:

» In the most recent frequency vote one alternative (1, 2 or 3 years) received the support of a majority of the votes cast; and

» The issuer adopts a frequency policy consistent with the majority vote.

Broker Discretionary Voting Brokers may not vote uninstructed shares on say-on-pay and frequency votes. Substantively identical
Foreign Private Issuers Not subject to say-on-pay and frequency voting requirements. Substantively identical
Smaller Reporting Companies No provision Smaller reporting companies are not required to conduct say-on-pay and frequency votes until annual meetings occurring on and after January 21, 2013.

Disclosure of Golden Parachute Arrangements

The Dodd-Frank Act requires a target issuer that is making a proxy or consent solicitation seeking shareholder approval of an acquisition, merger or significant asset sale to disclose the compensation arrangements between the target issuer and its NEOs that are based on or relate to the transaction and the aggregate compensation that may be paid or become payable to the target issuer’s NEOs in connection with the transaction. If the target company is not the person soliciting proxies, the Dodd-Frank Act requires such disclosure to be made by the person making the proxy or consent solicitation. Disclosure must also be made of agreements related to the transaction between the acquiring company and the NEOs of the target issuer. The final rules implement these disclosure requirements by adding Item 402(t) to Regulation S-K.

REQUIREMENT PROPOSED RULES FINAL RULES
Effective Date Upon the effective date of the SEC’s final rules. The rules will apply for all initial filings on or after April 25, 2011.
Covered Employees NEOs of the target issuer.

Item 402(t) disclosure is not required for individuals who are NEOs because they would have been among the most highly compensated executives but for the fact that they were not serving as an executive officer at the end of the last completed fiscal year.

Item 402(t) disclosure is required for individuals treated as NEOs because they served as the principle executive or financial officer during the last completed year, even if such individuals are no longer employed at the time of the solicitation.

Substantively identical

The final rules clarify that:» NEOs are determined based on the most recent SEC filing for which Item 402(c) disclosure was required; and

» Issuers are permitted to add additional NEOs.

Tabular Disclosure Format Item 402(t) specifies a tabular disclosure format quantifying:

» Cash severance payments;

» Stock awards and in-the-money stock options for which vesting is accelerated and cash payments made upon cancellation of stock and option awards;

» Pension and non-qualified deferred compensation benefit enhancements;

» Perquisites and other personal benefits (e.g., health and welfare), even if de minimis;

» Tax gross-ups;

» Other compensation; and

» The total of the above amounts.

Substantively identical

The final rules clarify that issuers may add additional columns or rows to the table to distinguish forms of compensation (e.g., cash severance from other cash payments or single and double trigger payments) as long as the disclosure is not misleading.

Narrative Disclosure The 402(t) table must be accompanied by narrative and footnote disclosure describing:

» Any material conditions or obligations applicable to the receipt of payment, including restrictive covenants;

» The specific circumstances that would trigger payment;

» Whether the payments will be made in a lump sum or annual installments and the duration of the payments;

» By whom the payments will be provided; and

» Any material factors regarding each agreement (for example, provisions regarding modifications of outstanding options to extend the vesting period or the post-termination exercise period or modify the exercise price).

Substantively identical
Disclosure Rules » Amounts disclosed in the 402(t) table are quantified assuming that the transaction occurred on the latest practicable date using the closing price of the common stock on this date.

» Footnote disclosure is required quantifying each separate form of payment and the portion of the payments triggered (1) solely by the transaction (“single trigger”) or (2) upon a termination of employment within a specified period following the transaction (“double trigger”).

» Disclosure of vested pension and non-qualified deferred compensation and previously vested equity awards is not required.

   » But payments made in cancellation of equity awards must be disclosed even if the awards vested independently of the transaction.

» Disclosure must include benefits pursuant to arrangements that are generally available to all salaried employees (such as group health and life insurance).

» No disclosure required with respect to compensation under a bona fide post-transaction employment agreement entered into at the time of the transaction.

Substantially similar, except:

» Amounts disclosed will be based upon (1) the per share consideration in the transaction, if it is a fixed dollar amount or (2) the average closing price per share over the first five business days following the first public announcement of the transaction.

» If the 402(t) table is voluntarily included in an annual meeting proxy (see below), assume that the transaction occurred on the last date of the fiscal year and use the closing stock price on that date.

Transactions for Which Disclosure is Required In addition to proxy and consent solicitations, Item 402(t) disclosure is required in:

» Information statements filed pursuant to Regulation 14C;

» Proxy or consent solicitations that do not contain merger proposals but require disclosure of information under Item 14 of Schedule 14A;

» Registration statements on Forms S-4 and F-4 containing disclosure relating to mergers and similar transactions;

» Going private transactions on Schedule 13E-3;

» Third-party tender offers on Schedule TO; and

» Schedule 14D-9 solicitation/recommendation statements.

Substantially similar, except not required in a third-party bidder’s tender offer statement on Schedule TO.

» Disclosure will be required in the target company’s response to the tender offer on Schedule 14D-9.

Foreign Private Issuers If the target company is a foreign private issuer, disclosure under Item 402(t) is generally not required.

If the target company is a domestic issuer, disclosure is required even if the acquiror is a foreign private issuer.

Substantively identical
Small Reporting Entities No provision No delay in applicability of rules.

Advisory Vote on Golden Parachutes

The Dodd-Frank Act requires a separate shareholder advisory vote on golden parachute compensation arrangements required to be disclosed in connection with mergers and similar transactions, except to the extent that the arrangements have been subject to a prior general say-on-pay vote.

The final rules adopt new Exchange Act Rule 14a-21(c) requiring issuers to provide a separate shareholder advisory vote on the arrangements described pursuant to Item 402(t).

REQUIREMENT PROPOSED RULES FINAL RULES
Effective Date Upon the effective date of the SEC’s final rules. The rules will apply for all initial filings on or after April 25, 2011.
Transactions for Which the Vote is Required The golden parachute vote is only applicable for proxy and consent solicitations approving an acquisition, merger, consolidation or proposed sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the issuer’s assets.

The vote is not applicable to the additional transactions described above for which golden parachute disclosure is required.

Substantively identical

The final rules clarify that the advisory vote is only required for meetings at which shareholders are asked to approve the transaction itself (as opposed to other proposals in connection with the transaction, such as proposals to increase the number of shares or a reverse stock split).

Compensation Subject to Vote While disclosure of compensation paid by both the target and the acquiring companies is required, the vote is only required for compensation paid by the target issuer to its NEOs.

» But disclosure is required for arrangements between the NEOs and the acquiring company.

» Separate tables will be required.

Substantively identical
Non-binding Advisory Vote Vote is non-binding and will not be construed as:

» Overruling the compensation decisions of the issuer’s board of directors; or

» Imposing additional fiduciary duties on the board.

Substantively identical
Prior Shareholder
Approval in Connection with a Say-on-Pay Vote
General Exemption

Compensation arrangements are not subject to the advisory vote on golden parachutes to the extent that:

» The issuer included Item 402(t) disclosure regarding the compensation in an annual or special meeting proxy statement;

» The arrangement was subject to a prior say-on-pay vote; and

» The same arrangements previously subject to the say-on-pay vote remain in effect.

While the golden parachute arrangements must have been subject to a prior say-on-pay vote, there is no requirement that the arrangements received approval.

The Item 402(t) disclosure would replace the Item 402(j) change in control disclosure for the applicable annual meeting proxy.

» Item 402(j) disclosure is still required for termination of employment scenarios.

Modifications and New Arrangements

» Compensation payable pursuant to an arrangement that has been subsequently amended or modified is not deemed “subject to a prior say-on-pay vote” to the extent of such amendment or modification.

» Item 402(t) would require issuers to segregate future disclosure in two tables, each meeting the requirements of new Item 402(t):

» The first covering all arrangements related to the change in control transaction (whether or not subject to a prior say-on-pay vote); and

» The second covering only the new or amended arrangements.

» Only the amounts in the second table would be subject to the vote.

Substantively identical

The final rules clarify that:

» Changes that result in only a reduction in value of the total compensation should not require a new shareholder vote.

» Changes in compensation due to (1) a new NEO, (2) additional grants of equity in the ordinary course and (3) increases in salary after a prior say-on-pay vote must be subject to the golden parachute vote.

» Changes to the values in the 402(t) table to reflect price movement in the issuer’s stock will not trigger a new advisory vote.

Small Reporting Entities No provision No delay in applicability of rules.

Effective Date and Transition Relief

The final rules will become effective 60 days following the date of their publication in the Federal Register. Until they become effective, the SEC has provided the following transition relief:

  • There is no obligation to file a preliminary proxy solely because a proxy included a say-on-pay or say-on-frequency vote.
  • For any proxy materials filed for meetings to be held on or prior to December 31, 2011, the proxy card for the frequency vote can provide shareholders with three choices (1, 2 or 3 years) provided that there is no discretionary authority for the issuer to vote uninstructed proxy cards for the frequency vote.
  • TARP entities are not required to provide shareholders with a say-on-pay or frequency vote as long as they comply with the TARP say-on-pay voting requirements.
  • Smaller reporting entities are not required to provide shareholders with a general say-on-pay or frequency vote.

Endnotes

[1] Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Pub. L. 111-203 (July 21, 2010). For a general discussion of the compensation-related provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, you may refer to our client publication entitled, “Financial Reform Act Brings Significant Executive Compensation Changes” (July 15, 2010), available at http://www.shearman.com/financial-reform-act-brings-significant-executive-compensation-change-07-15-2010/.
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[2] The proposed rules are available at http://sec.gov/rules/proposed/2010/33-9153fr.pdf. For a summary of the proposed rules, you may refer to our client publication entitled “SEC Issues Proposed Rules on Say-on-Pay Voting and Disclosures” (October 26, 2010) available at http://www.shearman.com/sec-issues-say-on-pay-regulations-10-26-2010/.
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