Monthly Archives: January 2026

President Trump’s Executive Order on Proxy Advisors: The Potential Pros and Cons for Companies

Martha Carter is the Vice Chairman & Head of Governance and Sustainability, and Sydney Carlock is a Managing Director at Teneo. This post is based on a Teneo report by Ms. Carter, Ms. Carlock, Matt Filosa, Sean Quinn, Faten Alqaseer, and Diana Lee.

On December 11, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order aimed at reducing the influence of proxy advisors (specifically ISS and Glass Lewis) by directing the SEC, FTC and Department of Labor to conduct sweeping reviews of the rules governing the industry.

The administration argues that proxy advisor policies, particularly those related to ESG and DE&I issues (left undefined in the order), advance non-financial goals that conflict with investor fiduciary duties. The order builds on a series of federal and state actions intended to curb the influence of proxy advisors and large asset managers, dismantle stakeholder capitalism and reinforce that “ESG” issues are not financially material. These actions include revised SEC 13G/D guidance, congressional hearings, the SEC’s withdrawal from the shareholder-proposal no-action process, scrutiny from several state attorneys general and Texas SB 2337.

Proxy advisors have already begun to respond to pressure, with ISS introducing a recommendation-free research option for its investor clients and Glass Lewis planning to eliminate its house policy beginning in 2027. Even so, the executive order could spur far more significant changes; its scope and multi-agency approach make it one of the strongest challenges to proxy advisors to date. The order sets no timeline, and legal challenges are likely. While some impact may be felt in the upcoming proxy season, the most significant effects will likely unfold over a longer horizon. Below, we offer our analysis of the executive order, including pros and cons for corporations as they navigate the 2026 proxy season and beyond.

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2026 Global Principles for Benchmark Policies

John Roe and Amra Balic are Global Co-Heads of Investment Stewardship (BIS) at BlackRock. This post is based on a BlackRock publication.

Introduction to BlackRock Investment Stewardship

At BlackRock, investment stewardship serves as a link between our clients and the companies they invest in and is one of the ways we fulfill our fiduciary responsibilities as an asset manager on their behalf. BlackRock offers a range of proxy voting policies to reflect clients’ individual investment choices and goals.

BlackRock Investment Stewardship (BIS) is responsible for stewardship activities in relation to clients’ assets invested in index equity strategies. BIS takes a long-term approach in our stewardship efforts, reflecting the investment horizons of the majority of our clients. BIS does this through:

  1. Engaging with the boards and management of companies in which clients are invested to deepen our understanding of a company’s business model, including how they are overseeing material business risks and opportunities over time, and to help inform our voting on behalf of clients.[1]
  2. Voting at shareholder meetings on management and shareholder proposals for clients who have authorized BIS to vote on their behalf.
  3. Contributing to industry dialogue on stewardship to share our perspectives on matters that may impact our clients’ investments.
  4. Reporting on our activities to inform clients about our stewardship efforts on their behalf through a range of publications on our website and direct client communications.

This document provides an overarching explanation of the principles that guide our approach to engaging and voting on corporate governance matters and other material risks and opportunities under BIS’ Benchmark Policies. The BIS Benchmark Policies – which are comprised of the BIS Global Principles, regional voting guidelines, and Engagement Priorities – apply to clients’ assets invested through index equity strategies, take a financial materiality-based approach, and are focused solely on advancing clients’ long-term financial interests.[2]

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SEC Enforcement: 2025 Year in Review

Harris Fischman, Lorin Reisner, and Jessica Carey are Partners at Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP. This post is based on a Paul Weiss memorandum by Mr. Fischman, Mr. Reisner, Ms. Carey, Matthew Kaminer, and Hunter Kolon.

During this transition year at the Securities and Exchange Commission, new leadership signaled policy and priority changes. In this Year in Review, we highlight important takeaways for business leaders and in-house counsel from the Enforcement Division’s activities in 2025 and emerging SEC enforcement practices and priorities under the leadership of Chairman Paul Atkins and Enforcement Director Judge Margaret Ryan.

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ISS and Glass Lewis 2026 Policy Updates

Shaun Bisman is a Partner and Gray Broaddus is an Analyst at Compensation Advisory Partners. This post is based on their CAP memorandum.

Both ISS and Glass Lewis recently released updates to their 2026 pay-for-performance models and proxy voting guidelines, which will apply to annual meetings held on or after February 1, 2026. This article outlines updates to executive and non-employee director compensation and director election voting recommendations that could affect proxy advisory firms’ voting recommendations for the 2026 proxy season.

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M&A Predictions and Guidance for 2026

Ethan Klingsberg is a Partner at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP. This post is based on his Freshfields memorandum.

Here’s a quick overview of the new challenges and issues that I’m predicting the M&A eco-system will face in the coming year:

Antitrust – Just when you thought the going was good…. Early in Trump’s tenure, his populist picks to run the DOJ and FTC appeared ready to horseshoe themselves into where Biden’s progressives left off. Their public pronouncements frequently echoed the themes of the Biden enforcers, and a smiling Lina Khan appeared jointly with Steve Bannon. The agencies even embraced the new HSR rules and 2023 merger guidelines, both of which were promulgated under the Biden regime. There was though some hope that the Trump agencies would have more procedural discipline than Lina Khan and Jonathan Kanter, who had regularly used “sand in the gears” tactics to delay and often litigate to block deals, even knowing they would most likely lose on the merits. The Khan/Kanter strategy, which often worked, was premised on the hope that one of the merger parties would try to back out or just not have the wherewithal to keep fighting during the 12+ months following the signing of the definitive agreement that it takes for the merger parties to prevail before a judge in their effort to defeat a US antitrust agency’s challenge to their merger. The anticipated procedural discipline materialized, and as 2025 wore on, the Administration’s emphasis on economic growth gained ascendancy. By the end of 2025 we had crossed into new territory where dealmakers declare that  “We can cut just a deal with the agency,” and “We’ve got a White House strategy,” when it comes to US antitrust approval of M&A. Thus far, this idea that you can either cut a deal with the DOJ or FTC or get the Oval Office to green-light your deal has fed transformational M&A fever. In 2026, look out for this perception to change dramatically. The unpredictability of reliance on “The White House strategy,” the rise of blue state antitrust regulators and new state antitrust review processes, the pushback by frontline civil servants within the antitrust agencies against politicization, ill-advised hiring by merger parties of lobbyists who attract unhelpful attention to mergers that do not merit attention, and anticipation of mid-term elections that will give rise to at least one Democrat-controlled house of Congress where hearings will be held to investigate big mergers while they are pending, will all combine, by the end of 2026, to put a damper on the current misperception in boardrooms that “anything goes” when it comes to US antitrust review of M&A. Meanwhile, despite statements from Europe and the UK that they want to facilitate the growth of stronger and larger players through consolidation, the regulators on the Continent and in the UK may nonetheless create headwinds for cross-border M&A due to their reduced appetite for greenlighting mergers where the combined company will not necessarily be all that local in culture, headquarters, leadership, branding, or talent. The results will be an even further uptick during 2026 in the intensity of negotiations of regulatory risk allocations, pressure for ever higher regulatory reverse termination fees, and extended outside dates.

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Harvard Corporate Faculty Excels in SSRN’s 2025 Citation Rankings

Statistics released by the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) indicate that, as of the end of 2025, Harvard Law School Corporate Faculty featured prominently on SSRN’s law school faculty rankings. These five HLS faculty members captured five of the top 50 slots among the top law school faculty members in all legal areas in terms of citations to their work.

Professor Lucian Bebchuk was ranked second among all law school professors in all fields. His papers, available on his SSRN page here, were reported to have a total of 4,557 citations.

In addition to Professor Bebchuk, four other professors associated with the Harvard Law School Program on Corporate Governance were included among SSRN’s list of top fifty law school faculty in all fields. These four professors are:

No corporate faculty group at any other law school matches this level of citation prominence. After Harvard comes Columbia Law School with two corporate law faculty members on the top-50 list (Justin McCrary, Ranked 17, and John Coffee, Ranked 41). Finally, five other law schools are represented by one corporate law faculty member each – Northwestern (Bernard Black, Ranked 5), Vanderbilt (Randal Thomas, Ranked 18), Berkeley (Frank Partnoy, Ranked 27), Stanford (Ron Gilson, Ranked 36), and Virginia (Mitu Gulati, Ranked 40).

SSRN is the leading electronic service for social science research. As of the end of 2025, its electronic library contained over 1,771,791 full-text documents by more than 2,543,222 authors. SSRN’s 2025 rankings in terms of citations are available here.

 

Section 16(a) Insider Reporting: Legislation Ends Foreign Private Issuer Exemption

Manuel Silva and Sarah Lewis are Partners, and Leticia Daruge is a Law Clerk at Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP. This post is based on their Cleary Gottlieb memorandum.

On December 18, 2025, the President of the United States signed into law the Holding Foreign Insiders Accountable Act (“HFIAA”), making officers and directors of foreign private issuers (“FPIs”) subject to public reporting of holdings of, and transactions in, the issuers’ equity securities under Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The new law will become effective on March 18, 2026.

The HFIAA takes aim at the longstanding exemption from Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting requirements under the Exchange Act for insiders of FPIs. Under the new law, officers and directors of FPIs will become subject to the same disclosure regime that currently applies to their domestic issuer counterparts.

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Boards Enjoy Increased Investor Support as Markets Deliver and DEI Pressure Fades

Ross Carney is an Editorial Specialist at Diligent Market Intelligence. This post is based on a Diligent memorandum by Mr. Carney, Antoinette Giblin, and Josh Black.

According to Diligent Market Intelligence (DMI) Voting data, average support for director elections at U.S.-based companies during the 2024-2025 proxy season was 94.2%, up from 93.7% on the previous year, and 93.4% in the 2022-2023 season.

For companies in the Russell 3000, average support for director elections in the 2024-2025 season was 95%, up from 94.7% the previous year, and 94.3% in 2022-2023 season. In the S&P 500, support averaged at 96.3% this season, up from 96% the previous year, and 95.6% in the 2022-2023 season.

“It’s not surprising to see director votes increase. Companies deserve credit for doing a better job,” said John Wilson, executive director of corporate engagement for Calvert Research and Management.

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Executive Security: The Perk to Watch

Melisa Brower is a Partner, and K.J. Salameh and Elizabeth Edel are Associates at A&O Shearman. This post is based on their A&O Shearman memorandum.

The murder of a healthcare senior executive in midtown Manhattan in December 2024 prompted many companies to re-evaluate the measures in place to secure the physical safety of their executives. [1] More recently, a mass shooting occurred in an office tower in Manhattan, calling further attention to the enhanced need for executive security. While many companies that are household names, especially in the technology and media sectors, have for years reported large security benefits for their founders and corporate leaders, many more companies are accepting the reality of the need for security for their key executives and considering how to integrate security into their executive compensation frameworks.

This article examines current executive perquisite disclosure trends and the influence of proxy advisory firms with a focus on executive security and makes predictions on related trends in the 2026 proxy season. We anticipate many companies this year have provided executive security for the first time or have enhanced existing levels of security, which will trigger additional perquisites disclosure under the current disclosure rules. The executive compensation disclosure rules are presently under review by the SEC and these rules are among the requirements that are likely to be subject to disclosure reforms.

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Weekly Roundup: January 9-15, 2026


More from:

This roundup contains a collection of the posts published on the Forum during the week of January 9-15, 2026

New Year, New Proxy Voting Landscape


The Dual-Class Stock Revolution


House Passes Bipartisan Capital Formation Package: The INVEST Act


Delaware Court Applies Corwin to Dismiss Fiduciary Duty Claims



Key Considerations for the 2025 Annual Reporting Season


Divergent Mandates? A Comparative Analysis of the 2025 Proxy Record of Major Asset Managers


Matters To Consider for the 2026 Annual Meeting and Reporting Season: Disclosure Developments


On the 2026 Board Agenda


M&A, Activism and Corporate Governance


An Update on DExit, from the Corporate Census


Statement by Chair Atkins on Reforming Regulation S-K


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