Yearly Archives: 2026

Delaware Supreme Court Guidance on ADR Provisions to Resolve Earnout Disputes—Stillfront

Gail Weinstein is a Senior Counsel, Philip Richter is a Partner, and Steven Epstein is the Managing Partner at Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP. This post is based on a Fried Frank memorandum by Ms. Weinstein, Mr. Richter, Mr. Epstein, Steven J. SteinmanRandi Lally, and Maxwell Yim, and is part of the Delaware law series; links to other posts in the series are available here.

In Fortis Advisors v. Stillfront (Feb. 13, 2026), the Delaware Supreme Court held that an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) provision in a merger agreement, which called for an independent accounting firm to resolve disputes relating to “calculation of the earnout amount” payable by the buyer, permitted resolution by the accounting firm of claims that the buyer had breached earnout-related operational covenants and acted in bad faith—even though the claims involved no “calculation.” Having decided that the ADR provision called for an “arbitration” rather than an “expert determination,” the Supreme Court concluded that the accounting firm had broad authority to resolve all issues (including legal issues) relating to the earnout amount that was owed. Therefore, the Supreme Court upheld the Court of Chancery’s decision that enforced the accounting firm’s conclusions that no change was required to the buyer’s calculations and the buyer was not entitled to any earnout or other recovery.

READ MORE »

Measuring CEO Pay-for-Performance: Demonstrating Alignment with Shareholder Outcomes

Ira Kay is a Managing Partner, Mike Kesner is a Partner, and Edward Sim is a Consultant at Pay Governance LLC. This post is based on their Pay Governance memorandum.

Introduction: Why Pay-for-Performance Remains Contested

Demonstrating that executive compensation is meaningfully aligned with company performance and the shareholder experience remains one of the most important, and most debated, issues in U.S. executive pay decision-making and corporate governance in general. While boards, investors, executives, and proxy advisors broadly agree on the principle of “pay for performance,” there is far less agreement on how that alignment should be measured and evaluated in practice.

Two analytical challenges sit at the center of this debate. The first is determining a fair and competitive level of target compensation. The second, and more controversial challenge, is assessing whether the compensation ultimately earned by executives appropriately reflects company performance and shareholder outcomes over time. This Viewpoint focuses on the techniques used to evaluate pay‑for‑performance alignment—an area that remains highly contested. Traditional approaches to this analysis have relied heavily on grant‑date values for stock awards included in the Summary Compensation Table (SCT) pay, which reflect future opportunity rather than realized or realizable pay outcomes.

READ MORE »

Litigated Off-Channel Communications Charge Survives Motion to Dismiss: Where Are We on Books and Records?

Olivia S. Choe is a Partner and Carmit Patrone is an Associate at Milbank LLP. This post is based on their Milbank memorandum.

In SEC v. Arete Wealth Management LLC, a federal judge in the Northern District of Illinois recently refused to dismiss off-channel communications claims in an SEC case accusing the defendants of engaging in securities fraud. [1] Although the court dismissed certain aspects of the SEC’s fraud claims, it rejected arguments that the SEC’s books-and-records rule is unconstitutionally vague or fails to provide fair notice to registrants. Nor was the court persuaded that industry-wide practices or the dissatisfaction with the rule expressed by certain Commissioners should deter its enforcement. As the court put it: “as of now, the rules say what they say.”[2] So where does that leave registrants who remain subject to those rules?

READ MORE »

Proxies in Uncharted Waters: 2026 U.S. Proxy Season Preview

Subodh Mishra is the Global Head of Communications at ISS STOXX. This post is based on an ISS-Corporate memorandum by Jun Frank, Head of Compensation & Governance Advisory, and Pinak Parikh, Compensation & Governance Advisor, at ISS-Corporate.

The corporate governance landscape is undergoing unprecedented changes. In the 2026 season, boards are heading into uncharted territory, with long-held governance norms upended, paradigm shifts challenging conventional wisdom, and changing investor priorities resulting in diverging definitions of “accepted best practice.” At the same time, AI is disrupting not only company operations but also the entire proxy ecosystem. Boards must face this brave new world without the guiding light of an established norm, and a lack of awareness of potential risks and varying investor expectations may lead to unexpected pushbacks from shareholders. This paper examines early trends emerging for the US proxy season.

READ MORE »

ESG Investing in a Fragmented US Regulatory Landscape

Elizabeth Golberg and Mana Behbin are Partners, and Yara Ismael is an Associate at Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP. This post is based on a Morgan Lewis memorandum by Ms. Golberg, Ms. Behbin, Ms. Ismael, and Rachel Mann.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing in the United States remains at the center of a sustained legal and regulatory debate. That debate is not confined to a single forum or authority. Rather, it is playing out simultaneously across federal agencies, the US Congress, courts, and, critically, states. For asset managers, institutional investors, sponsors, and other market participants, this regulatory environment presents both material risk and strategic opportunity.

At its core, the current US ESG environment reflects two competing views. One frames ESG factors as relevant to long-term value creation because they are material to investment performance and responsive to investor concerns about issues such as climate change, workforce practices, and governance. The other views ESG considerations as ideologically driven, disconnected from wealth creation, and potentially inconsistent with fiduciary obligations. These opposing perspectives are driving many of the legal challenges now confronting ESG-related investment strategies.

However, despite this landscape of debate, this environment can still present opportunities; the challenge is finding ways to navigate those opportunities with less risk. For example, for sophisticated managers and institutional investors, there can remain opportunities to reach those US investors seeking strategies that incorporate ESG, so long as they are tied to financial returns and risk management and structured to withstand scrutiny across overlapping and, at times, conflicting federal and state regimes.

This Insight, based on a presentation from our Global ESG Trends webinar series, examines four areas where US regulatory and litigation pressure has been most pronounced.

READ MORE »

Impact of Tariffs on 2025 and 2026 Incentives

Mike Kesner is a Partner at Pay Governance LLC. This post is based on his Pay Governance memorandum.

Introduction

The impact of tariffs and potential tariff refunds will require companies to closely examine 2025 and 2026 incentive plan payouts to ensure fairness to management and shareholders. The unfortunate timing of both the imposition of new tariffs in 2025 and the possibility of a tariff refund—should the Supreme Court determine the new tariffs were unlawful in the coming weeks—makes it highly unlikely that incentive plan targets incorporated these unplanned events. This may require after‑the‑fact compensation committee decision‑making and possibly the exercise of discretion to ensure a fair outcome. To the extent companies have incorporated certain tariffs into 2026 incentive plan targets that turn out to be unlawful, adjustments may also need to be made to those targets.

READ MORE »

Will Curbs on Proxy Advisors Make Shareholder Votes Less Predictable?

Elizabeth R. Gonzalez-Sussman is a Partner, Ron S. Berenblat is of Counsel, and Roy Cohen is an Associate at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. This post is based on their Skadden memorandum.

Key Points

  • The role of proxy advisors in shareholder voting is changing, as some institutional investors take that decision-making in-house and regulators challenges the use of DEI and ESG factors in voting recommendations.
  • Some votes may now be determined by internal stewardship teams, in part with the use of AI tools.
  • As decision-making by institutional investors becomes less centralized, companies will need to reassess the way they build support for important votes.
  • Companies may also need to refine proxy and other disclosures to make sure that rationales and explanations are clear, with an eye to the way they could be read by AI models.

READ MORE »

Pause, Pivot, Pressure

Kai H.E. Liekefett and Derek Zaba are Partners at Sidley Austin LLP. This post is based on a Diligent piece by Mr. Liekefett, Mr. Zaba, Josh Black, and Antoinette Giblin.

2025 offered a reminder, to boards and investors alike, that shareholder activism does not move in a straight line.

Market volatility, best exemplified by the second-quarter turmoil surrounding “Liberation Day,” prompted many activists to pause or recalibrate. Engagement rebounded with force in the second half of the year, a period marked by the speed with which participants adapted. This reinforced a theme we always tell clients: activism is no longer limited to the traditional proxy season, but rather is a persistent and structural feature of the public company environment.

READ MORE »

Delaware Supreme Court Upholds Constitutionality of SB21 Provisions Providing Safe Harbors for Controlling Stockholder Transactions

Arthur R. Bookout, Edward B. Micheletti, and Joseph O. Larkin are Partners at Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP. This post is based on a Skadden memorandum by Mr. Bookout, Mr. Micheletti, Mr. Larkin, Cliff C. Gardner, Jenness E. Parker, and Faiz Ahmad, and is part of the Delaware Law Series and the Controlling Shareholder Series; links to other posts in the Delaware Law Series are available here; links to other posts in the Controlling Shareholder Series are available here.

Executive Summary

  • What’s new: The Delaware Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of amendments to the DGCL under SB21, which provide procedural safe harbors for transactions involving controlling stockholders.
  • Why it matters: The decision shields directors, officers and controlling stockholders from equitable relief and damages if safe harbor provisions are met.
  • What to do next: Companies should ensure that transactions with controlling stockholders are approved by an informed committee of disinterested directors and/or disinterested minority stockholders to benefit from the safe harbor protections.

READ MORE »

Remarks by Chair Atkins on Disclosure Reform and Financial Innovation

Paul S. Atkins is the Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. This post is based on his recent remarks. The views expressed in the post are those of Chairman Atkins and do not necessarily reflect those of the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff.

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our first Investor Advisory Committee meeting of the year. Before I make some opening remarks, let me offer the customary disclaimer that the views I express here are my own as Chairman and not necessarily those of the SEC as an institution or of the other Commissioners. Of course, I should also like to acknowledge those of you for whom today marks your final IAC meeting. This Committee has an important mission to give considered input to the Commission. I am grateful for the service that you have given—and for the contributions that you have made. READ MORE »

Page 32 of 46
1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 46