Author Archives: Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation

Proposed Amendments to the Shareholder Proposal Rules

On July 13, 2022, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), by a 3-2 vote, proposed amendments to the proxy rules that would narrow certain grounds under which companies may exclude shareholder proposals from their proxy statements. Specifically, the proposed amendments would modify the standards for exclusion under the “substantial implementation,” the “duplication” and the […]

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Twitter v. Musk: Plaintiff’s Response to Defendant’s Counterclaim

Plaintiff Twitter, Inc. (“Twitter”), by and through its undersigned counsel, replies as follows to the Verified Counterclaims (the “Counterclaims”) of Elon R. Musk (“Musk”), X Holdings I, Inc., and X Holdings II, Inc. (each a “Defendant” and together, “Defendants” or the “Musk Parties”) as follows. Introduction Musk begins his answer to Twitter’s claims for breach […]

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The Market for CEOs: Evidence from Private Equity

A wide range of research examines the market for CEOs and executive mobility in public companies while largely ignoring the market for CEOs in private equity funded companies. The research on public companies typically finds low levels of mobility for CEOs, particularly recently. For example, Cziraki and Jenter (2021) study CEO changes at S&P 500 […]

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Second Circuit on Stating a Claim for Scheme Liability

On July 15, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit issued a decision holding that Lentell v. Merrill Lynch & Co., 396 F.3d 161 (2d Cir. 2005)—in which the court previously held that misstatements and omissions alone do not suffice for scheme liability under Rule 10b-5(a) and (c) of the federal securities […]

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Delaware and Caremark: An Update

Recent Delaware decisions have reminded boards of directors of the obligation to make a good faith effort to put in place a compliance system designed to help ensure that their companies operate within the bounds of the law and that their products, services, and operations do not cause harm to consumers, community members, or the […]

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Hidden Gems: Do Compensation Disclosures Reveal Performance Expectations?

Performance-based stock grant is an increasingly popular form of incentive pay for public firm CEOs in U.S. Under these grants, executives are expected to receive different levels of stock payments (“threshold,” “target,” or “maximum”), contingent on the firm’s meeting pre-specified hurdles by the end of the performance evaluation period. In 2006, the SEC announced new […]

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Emerging Fraud Risks to Consider: ESG

Introduction Many audit committees are highly focused on the risk of financial statement fraud, but a case is growing for audit committees to expand their discussion of fraud risk to encompass a growing variety of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. ESG-related topics increasingly appear on audit committee agendas and factor into financial reporting discussions, […]

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Welcoming the Universal Proxy

On 17 November 2021, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted new Rule 14a-19 and amendments to existing rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to require the use of “universal” proxy cards in all non-exempt director election contests at publicly traded companies in the US. The new rules contain only slight modifications […]

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Does ESG Negative Screening Work?

Negative screening is broadly the process of finding and excluding stocks of companies, whose operations are seen as “unsustainable” from an environmental, social or a governance (ESG) standpoint (The U.S. SEC does not define a poor ESG stock. The European Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), on the other hand, defines a sustainability investment as “an […]

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SEC Reverses Aspects of Proxy Voting Advice Regulations

Summary On July 13, the SEC voted 3 to 2 (Commissioners Peirce and Uyeda dissenting) to adopt amendments to the rules governing proxy voting advice provided by proxy advisory firms. The 2022 Final Rule rescinds two sections of the rules governing proxy voting advice adopted by the SEC in July 2020. The 2022 Final Rule […]

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