Author Archives: Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation

The Purpose of the Corporation

Whether the purpose of the corporation is to generate profits for its shareholders or to operate in the interests of all of its stakeholders has been actively debated since 1932, when it was the subject of dueling law review articles by Columbia law professor Adolf Berle (shareholders) and Harvard law professor Merrick Dodd (stakeholders). Following […]

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The Information Value of Corporate Social Responsibility

A significant portion of the U.S. corporate expense budget is allocated to corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending. Given its importance, there has been a long-standing debate on its desirability from shareholders’ perspective. Several studies posit that CSR creates shareholder value through maximizing stakeholder value, a result known as “doing well by doing good” (Edmans, 2011; […]

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10 Tips for Upcoming Annual Shareholder Meetings

With spring beginning, many public companies are getting ready for their annual shareholder meetings. Here are some tips to consider as part of the planning process. Meeting Logistics. Check and double-check meeting logistics. While this may sound basic, it is important to confirm and reconfirm the venue, in addition to all meeting participants and service […]

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Review and Analysis of 2017 U.S. Shareholder Activism

Shareholder activist hedge funds grew modestly in 2017, not yet restoring global activist fund assets under management (“AUM”) to 2015 highs. Moreover, the rate of formation of new activist funds continued to decline, and the “winners” in this environment—those activists attracting the most new capital—seemed to be the well-established activists with strong brand names and […]

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The Cost of Political Connections

A large literature in corporate governance has analyzed the nexus between politics and business to show that politically connected firms can benefit from connections, for example, by receiving preferential access to government resources or favorable regulations, see Fisman (2001) or Morck and Yeung (2003). In this article, we explore a potential downside for a firm […]

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Real Talk on Executive Compensation

This post summarizes and paraphrases comments shared at a roundtable on executive compensation that CII organized on Jan. 9, 2018, in Denver, CO. Participants included representatives of asset owners, asset managers, employee unions, corporations and think tanks. By design, investor representatives constituted a significant majority of roundtable participants, while executive compensation consultants and proxy advisors […]

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Executive Pay at Public Corporations After Code §162(m) Changes

Internal Revenue Code §162(m) imposes limitations on the deductibility of executive pay by public corporations. The new tax law, Public Law No. 115-97 (the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (TCJA)), makes a number of changes in Code §162(m). These changes generally take effect for taxable years commencing after Dec. 31, 2017 (exceptions noted below). This […]

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Selecting Directors Using Machine Learning

In this paper, we present a machine-learning approach to selecting the directors of publicly traded companies. In developing the machine learning algorithms, we contribute to our understanding of governance, specifically boards of directors, in at least three ways. First, we evaluate whether it is possible to construct an algorithm that accurately forecasts whether a particular […]

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Discounted Deal Price in Appraisal Litigation

In a trio of recent appraisal decisions, Delaware courts declined to use the deal price as the best evidence of fair value, instead using discounted cash flow analyses (“DCF”) and the unaffected market price to determine fair values below the merger consideration. Building on the trend reflected in the Delaware Supreme Court’s high-profile 2017 decisions […]

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Agency Conflicts Around the World

We offer a novel approach to measuring agency conflicts. Instead of counting governance provisions that are endogenous to the prevalence of agency conflicts and the institutional and legal environment, we construct theory-grounded indexes of agency conflicts based on revealed managerial preferences. For this purpose, we develop and estimate a dynamic capital structure model augmented by […]

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