Author Archives: Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation

Why Shareholder Wealth Maximization Despite Other Objectives

The view that firms (managers) behave as if their goal is to increase shareholder wealth is the shareholder-wealth-maximization principle. While many might agree this principle governs managerial behavior, it continues to arouse intense scrutiny, adoration, and condemnation. We begin by summarizing the economic rationale behind and the welfare consequences of managers pursuing this principle. Numerous […]

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Summary of MSCI Consultation Paper on Voting Rights and Index Inclusion

Equity indexes have evolved to fulfil multiple roles in the investment process and meet the needs of various types of investors. All institutional investors use indexes as market indicators and research tools. Asset owners employ them as policy benchmarks in their asset allocation. Active managers use them as performance benchmarks while passive investors use indexes […]

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Elon Musk’s Compensation

On January 21, 2018, Tesla, Inc. (Tesla), the electric car manufacturer (also in the business of sustainable energy generation and storage), granted its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Elon Musk, an option, subject to shareholders’ approval, to acquire 20,264,042 shares of Tesla (representing 12 percent of the then outstanding shares). Tesla’s shares are traded on […]

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How Valuable are Independent Directors? Evidence from External Distractions

In our article, How valuable are independent directors? Evidence from external distractions, which was recently accepted for publication in the Journal of Financial Economics, we provide new evidence on the value of independent directors by exploiting exogenous events that seriously distract independent directors. Agency theory predicts that independent directors are valuable (Fama and Jensen, 1983). Yet, empirical assessments […]

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The Conflicted Role of Proxy Advisors

In an increasingly complicated investment and financial landscape, investors rely heavily on the services of data and analytics providers to support their investment-related decisions. Proxy voting is the process in which a vote is cast on behalf of a shareholder rather than that shareholder participating physically in a public shareholder meeting. The reliance on advisory […]

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Non-Delaware Decisions on Director Nominations

Two courts recently issued significant corporate law decisions that are meaningful for corporations outside of Delaware, whose courts handle more corporate law disputes than other states because Delaware is the corporate domicile for many corporations. The first decision, In re Xerox Corporation Consolidated Shareholder Litigation, was issued by the Supreme Court of the State of New […]

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Cash Windfalls and Acquisitions

In my paper, Cash Windfalls and Acquisitions, forthcoming in the Journal of Financial Economics, I study the effect of large exogenous cash windfalls on a firm’s acquisition activity. The cash windfalls resulted from a German tax reform that made divestitures of equity stakes tax free. Since not all firms owned equity stakes, the tax reform […]

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Does it Pay to Pay Attention?

Standard economic models assume that investors continuously process and incorporate all available information in their financial decisions. In reality, however, individual investors have limited information processing capacity and display limited attention. Rational economic models predict that attention-constrained investors should benefit from paying attention and should pay attention up to the point where the benefits of […]

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Cryptocurrency Compensation: A Primer on Token-Based Awards

In the past year, blockchain tokens (more commonly referred to as “virtual tokens” or just “tokens”) have nudged their way into mainstream consciousness with the proliferation of “initial coin offerings,” or “ICOs,” and the blockbuster rises—and drops—in the prices of cryptocurrencies. An emerging trend sees companies and virtual organizations leveraging the value of these tokens, […]

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Board Performance Evaluations that Add Value

Annual board evaluations are now commonplace for both for-profit and non-profit organizations, with specific board evaluation recommendations forming a key component in nearly every major corporate governance standard, review or report internationally. Recent data on US boards from the global consulting firm Spencer Stuart shows that 98% of S&P 500 boards conduct a board evaluation […]

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