Author Archives: Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation

Cyber-Risk Disclosure: Who Cares?

Cyber-risk has become a burning issue for regulators, directors and executives. For example, in December 2015, U.S. Senators Jack Reed and Susan Collins introduced the bipartisan Cybersecurity Disclosure Act. The bill asks each publicly traded company to disclose information to investors on whether any member of the company’s Board of Directors is a cybersecurity expert, […]

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ISS Pay-for-Performance Methodology Updates

Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (ISS), a leading provider of governance and responsible investment solutions to the global financial community, today [November 8, 2016] announced changes to the methodology underlying its pay-for-performance models for companies in the U.S., Canada, and Europe to take effect Feb. 1, 2017. Following feedback from institutional investors, companies, and other market […]

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Bridging the GAAP/Non-GAAP Gap

Another quarterly earnings cycle is just about to start with companies putting the final touches on their Q3 2016 earnings releases, analyst presentations and the messages they will share with investors. There is intense pressure on companies to meet quarterly analyst estimates and there is also extra attention from the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) […]

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ETF Trading and Informational Efficiency of Underlying Securities

The asset management industry has witnessed a tremendous growth in exchange-traded funds (ETFs). As a result, roughly 30% of U.S. equity trading volume is attributable to ETFs (Boroujerdi and Fogertey, 2015). Regulators and academics have found evidence that ETFs have distorted the capital markets as a whole, leading to increased volatility, co-movement, and systemic risk, […]

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Do Underwriters Compete in IPO Pricing?

The U.S. IPO underwriting market is highly profitable. IPO gross spreads, most of which cluster at 7% of the proceeds, are high in both absolute terms and relative to those in other countries. In addition, returns on IPO stocks on the first day of trading (i.e. IPO underpricing) are even higher than the gross spreads, […]

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Changes and Challenges in the SEC’s ALJ Proceedings

In recent years, when pursuing corporations and their officers for violations of the U.S. securities laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Division of Enforcement has increasingly brought its claims to the SEC’s in-house administrative law judges (ALJs) rather than the federal civil courts. In fact, last year, over 90% of the SEC’s actions against […]

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Banking Agencies’ Proposed Cybersecurity Regulations

On Oct. 19, 2016, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”), the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC,” collectively the “Agencies”) issued a joint advance notice of proposed rulemaking (“Notice”) inviting public comment on cybersecurity regulations and guidance designed to improve the […]

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Stealing Deposits: Deposit Insurance, Risk-Taking and the Removal of Market Discipline in Early 20th Century Banks

Deposit insurance spread throughout the world in the latter half of the 20th century as a result of external and internal political pressures favoring its adoption (Demirgüç-Kunt, Kane and Laeven 2008). Despite its overwhelming political support, there is a large empirical literature suggesting that the moral-hazard costs of deposit insurance have out-weighed its liquidity-risk-reduction benefits […]

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Weekly Roundup: November 4–November 10, 2016

Dissenting Directors Posted by Marco Ventoruzzo, Bocconi University and Pennsylvania State University, and Piergaetano Marchetti, Bocconi University, on Friday, November 4, 2016 Tags: Board composition, Board dynamics, Board independence, Board leadership, Board performance, Board turnover, Boards of Directors, Director tenure, Diversity, International governance, Italy, Management, Ownership structure “Ostrich” Theory Enforces Ill-Defined Duty to Investigate Clients’ […]

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Privacy in M&A Transactions: Personal Data Transfer and Post Closing Liabilities

One aspect of mergers and acquisitions that is receiving growing attention is the relevance of privacy issues under U.S. and European Union (“EU”) laws as well as the laws of a growing number of other jurisdictions. This two-part blog post discusses the principal M&A-related privacy risks and highlights certain “traps” that are often overlooked. In […]

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