Author Archives: Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation

The Law Office (LO) and Compliance Officer (CO): Status, Function, Liabilities, and Relationship

The emerging position of Compliance Officers (COs) poses issues concerning their status and relations to Law Officers (LOs). Both professionals deal with law, However, LO’s position is recognized and established. Compliance is a recently recognized profession. Moreover, their services differ. LOs advise and represent their institutions in legal matters. COs monitor their institutions’ activities for […]

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Clarifying MFW’s ab initio Condition

The Delaware Supreme Court has clarified that controlling stockholder take-private transactions will be reviewed under the business judgment rule, rather than the less deferential entire fairness standard, if the controlling stockholder self-disables by committing to special committee and majority-of-the-minority approval before “economic negotiations” take place, even if the controlling stockholder fails to do so in […]

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Petition to NYSE on Multiclass Sunset Provisions

We are writing on behalf of the Council of Institutional Investors (CII) to petition the New York Stock Exchange to amend its listing standards to require the following on a forward-looking basis for companies going public that seek to list with multi-class common stock structures with differential voting rights: The company’s certificate of incorporation or […]

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Comment Letter in Advance of SEC Staff Roundtable on the Proxy Process

This submission is in response to Chairman Clayton’s July 30 press release announcing a staff roundtable on the proxy process and calling for submissions from interested parties. It refers in particular to proxy advisory firms and is distinguished from my October 8, 2018 comment letter that focused on additional disclosures by investment advisers to mutual […]

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Posted in Boards of Directors, Corporate Elections & Voting, Institutional Investors, Practitioner Publications, Securities Regulation | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | 1 Comment

Weekly Roundup: October 26-November 1, 2018

Effective Board Evaluation Posted by Steve Klemash, Rani Doyle, and Jamie C. Smith, EY Center for Board Matters, on Friday, October 26, 2018 Tags: Board evaluation, Board monitoring, Board oversight, Board performance, Boards of Directors, Long-Term value, Oversight 2018 CPA-Zicklin Index Posted by Bruce F. Freed, Karl Sandstrom, Dan Carroll, and Caitlin Moniz, Center for Political Accountability, on Friday, October 26, 2018 Tags: Accountability, Boards of […]

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Leveling the Hunting Field

Like any predator, a wolf must carefully time its strike when pursuing prey. Certain species of shareholder activists operate under a similar imperative. Flawed disclosure rules in the United States give them an unfair advantage. A few years ago, hedge fund Pershing Square—which popped up on Oct. 9 with a 1.1 percent stake in coffee […]

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Do an Insider’s Wealth and Income Matter in the Decision to Engage in Insider Trading?

A body of literature shows that corporate insiders’ trades predict future abnormal returns, suggesting that insiders generally exploit their information advantage about firm prospects to make trading decisions (e.g., Seyhun, 1986; Lakonishok and Lee, 2001; and Cohen et al., 2012). However, the abnormal returns that insiders have been reported to earn are, on average, surprisingly […]

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A Fully Operational Token Platform

Too often, token issuers have been asking the wrong legal and regulatory questions, and sadly, they have too often been receiving bad answers to those questions. In the frothy environment for tokens that (may have) recently cooled off, questions that token issuers often asked were, “How quickly can I do my token offering?”, or sometimes, […]

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Materiality and Efforts Qualifiers—Some Distinctions, Some Without Differences

Much deserved attention has been paid to the first finding of a “material adverse change” (MAC) by a Delaware court in the recent Akorn decision. Of perhaps equal practical importance to dealmakers is the court’s guidance on a question that has long occupied draftspersons—whether or not there is, and the extent of, any legal difference […]

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Posted in Court Cases, Mergers & Acquisitions, Practitioner Publications, Securities Litigation & Enforcement | Tagged , , , , , | 1 Comment

Cracking the Corwin Conundrum and Other Mysteries Regarding Shareholder Approval of Mergers and Acquisitions

Corporate mergers and acquisitions are big business and so is the constant stream of litigation challenging board decisions to enter such transactions. Plaintiffs cast these actions as a contest between victimized shareholders and faithless directors. Yet, merging or selling a corporation normally requires approval by the shareholders, who rarely vote down the deal. This apparent […]

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