Author Archives: Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation

Delaware Court on Risks to Buyers When Devising Earn-Outs

Buyers and sellers in M&A transactions sometimes structure a portion of the purchase price as an earn-out. In an earn-out structure, the buyer pays part of the purchase price at the closing and the remainder if and when the target business achieves pre-defined milestones after the closing. An earn-out is often a means to bridge […]

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How Director Age Influences Corporate Performance

Concurrent with discussions around board refreshment and diversity, age has also become a hot topic in board composition. Though older directors generally have more executive and board experience, there is concern that a lack of board refreshment and age diversity can stultify companies and result in subpar performance, and on the flipside, that younger executives may […]

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The Appointment of Senior Program Fellow Robert Jackson as SEC Commissioner

The U.S. Senate recently voted by unanimous consent to confirm Hester Peirce and Robert J. Jackson Jr. as SEC Commissioners (for a description of each commissioner’s background and experience, see their written statements submitted to the Senate committee, available here and here). The Forum congratulates both Commissioners and wishes them much success in their important […]

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Top 10 Topics for Directors in 2018

1. Cybersecurity threats. Cybersecurity preparedness is essential in 2018 as the risk of, and associated adverse impact of, breaches continue to rise. The past year redefined the upward bounds of the megabreach, including the Yahoo!, Equifax and Uber hacks, and the SEC cyber-attack. As Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Co-Directors of Enforcement Stephanie Avakian and Steven Peikin warned, “The greatest threat to our markets right now is the cyber threat.” No crisis should go to waste. Boards should learn from others’ misfortunes and focus on governance, crisis management and recommended best practices relating to cyber issues. 2. Corporate social responsibility. By embracing corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, boards are able to proactively identify and address legal, financial, operational and reputational risks in a way that can increase the company value to all stakeholders-investors, shareholders, employees and consumers. Boards should invest in CSR programming as an integral element of company risk assessment and compliance programs, and should advocate public reporting of CSR initiatives. Such initiatives can serve as both differentiating and value-enhancing factors. According to recent studies, companies with strong CSR practices are less likely to suffer large price declines, and they tend to have better three- to five-year returns on equity, as well as a greater chance of long-term success.

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Opportunity Makes a Thief: Corporate Opportunities as Legal Transplant and Convergence in Corporate Law

We have recently posted our forthcoming article, Opportunity Makes a Thief: Corporate Opportunities as Legal Transplant and Convergence in Corporate Law (forthcoming in the Berkeley Business Law Journal), on SSRN. The article surveys the corporate opportunities doctrine in four jurisdictions: the US, the UK, Germany, and France. Our analysis enables us to trace the development […]

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Corporate Governance Survey—2017 Proxy Season

Since 2003, Fenwick has collected a unique body of information on the corporate governance practices of publicly traded companies that is useful for Silicon Valley companies and publicly‑traded technology and life science companies across the U.S. as well as public companies and their advisors generally. Fenwick’s annual survey covers a variety of corporate governance practices […]

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Analysis of Fund Voting at Utilities Companies

Investors stampeded into passive strategies after the 2008 financial crisis, triggering an intense concentration in control of US assets. The top five fund complexes managed almost half of the $19.2 trillion sitting in mutual fund and ETF accounts in 2016, according to the Investment Company Institute. With increased control of the stocks and bonds of […]

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Pre-IPO Analyst Coverage: Hype or Information Production?

From 2009-2012, China’s initial public offering (IPO) market was characterized by a regulatory environment in which the government did not control offer prices. If there was excess demand, underwriters were required to allocate shares on a pro rata basis, without favoring one group of clients over another, in contrast to the bookbuilding procedure that is […]

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Globalization and Executive Compensation

Inequality Growing inequality has been one of the most salient features of the U.S. economy over the last forty years. As depicted in Figure 1, nearly all of this growth in inequality is driven by the rapid increase in top incomes (Piketty and Saez 2003; WID). The share of income accruing to the top one […]

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Why Do Some Companies Leave? Evidence on the Factors that Drive Inversions

On November 23rd, 2015, pharmaceutical giant, Pfizer, officially announced that it had reached an agreement with its competitor, Allergan, to merge the two companies in a deal that would have created the largest pharmaceutical company in the world. The combined company would have been called Pfizer and would have been led by Pfizer’s current CEO, […]

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